Murashaka kumenya C++ icyo aricyo kandi ntimwigeze narimwe mwakora programme
Muzazabona ukuntu ukuntu u programmant amaprograme tuzakoresha nuko tuzajya tuzikoresha byibanze…..
Nta bumenyi bundi busabwa mbere yo gutangira nubwo mwaba mutarigeze mukora programation narimwe mubuzima bwanyu icyo tubasaba nugusoma iri somo neza mugakora pratique neza ubundi mukareba ukuntu bizagenda neza icyo mumfasha nukugendera hamwe twese.
PROGRAME
Ama programe niyo base ya Informatique kuko ariyo adufasha kuba twabasha gufungura ibintu kuri Mudasobwa zacu..
Dufate urugero nkuru :
Nkuko mubibona inyuma murabibonako dufite imiryango(fenetre)3 ihwanye na programe 3 zitandukanye
Ntimugirengo nibagiwe ibibazo byanyu wibaza uko bakora programme ariko ntimugire ikibazo hari ama langage programation zizadufasha kubwira mudasobwa ibyo dukeneye gukora
Noneho twareba icyo langage de programation aricyo
Kugirango tworoshye ubuzima aba informaticien bakoze langage zoroshye kurenza binaire.Kugeza ubu hari amarangaje ya programation menshi ushobora kubona liste des langages de programmation sur Wikipédia kugirango zibe zadufasha
Langage de programation zose zifite intego imwe yo kugufasha kuba wavugana na mudasobwa yawe byoroshyekurusha binaire nigutya bikora
Porogaramu ihindura”binaire”
Tukabona porograme iri muri binaire iyo computer yawe ibasha gusoma 1010010010100011010101001010111010100011010010
Porogaramu yanyu yanditse muri langage yoroheje:
« Kora imibare 3+5 »
=
=
=5
Progarame idufasha guhindura ururimi rw’imashini yumva yitwa”Kompilateri(Compile).Ni igikoresho kidasanzwe, igufasha guhindira kode(code)zawe zanditse mu rurimi rwa programation muri program ushobora koba wa installa.
Dufate igishushanyo cyabanjije maze dukoreshe inyunguramagambo y’ikoranabuhanga.
Tukabona porograme iri muri binaire iyo computer yawe ibasha gusoma 1010010010100011010101001010111010100011010010
Porogaramu ihindura”binaire”
Porogaramu yanyu yanditse muri langage yoroheje:
« Kora imibare 3+5 »
=
=
=5
Ngibi ibyo mbasa gufata kuri ubungubu,ntabwa bikomeye cyane ariko nibintu biri ngobwa kubifata rwose!!!
Arikose nigute nshobora guhitamo langage de programation yo nshobora gukoresha?nawe wabyivugiye ko hariho nyinshi!!!
Niyihe nziza???? Ese C++ yaba ariyo mahitamo meza??
Amaporograme(bashobora kwita nanone developpeurs) muri rusange ziba zizi ama langage menshi de programation ntabwo ari imwe gusa.ubu tugiye kurasa kuntego imwe yo kwiga langage de programation imwe.
Ndumva byumvikanye ,tugomba gutangira kuri imwe murizo ebyiri.Igishya nuko tugomba gutangirira kuyo mushaka !!!Amategeko ya langage burigihe biba bias ntabwo muzarengwa na langage imwe kuyindi.
Noneho ubu dushobora kureba ibigize C++ ugereranije nizindi langage de programation…Ehee,n’isomo rya C++nti mubyibagirwe!!!
Ikibazo ese guhitamo langage bivugako ufata ikunzwe cyane cg ikoreshwa cyane ????hari langage zidakoreshwa kandi nziza ariko zikoreshwa gakeya gashoboka.Ibibazi bya langage zikoreshwa gahoro nuko biba bikomeye kugirango ubone abantu bagufasha cg ngo baguhe inama igihe mugize icyibazo muri programme yawe.niyo mpamvu rero C++ ari amahitamo meza kubashaka kuyitangira :Hari abantu bakoresha C++ kugirango batabona ko ari bonyine
Ndumva twabyumvishe,ariko hari ibindi bituma ikunzwe kandi ikoreshwa n’abantu benshi.igikomeye iyo ndebye n’amaso yange ni urwego rwa langage.hari langage ziri hasi haka nizindi ziri hejuru.
Niki langage iri hejuru ??
Ni langage igerageza kuba kure ya binaire(nyine urebeye uburyo mudasobwa ikora),igufasha gukora neza kandi byihuse
Kubitandukanye ,langage iri kurwego rwo hasi ahubwo yegereye uburyo mudasobwa ikora ikenera ibintu bikeya muri rusange ariko ikaguha controle kubyo ukora.
C++? Twavugako yajya ku mwanya wakabiri:ni langage wavugako iri “kurwego rutoya”ariko ibyo ntibibatere ubwoba !!kuko gu programa muri C++ bishobora kuba bikomeye,muzabona mubiganza byanyu langage nziza kandi yihuta,hagati aho nka’Imikino myinshi yakorewe muri C++,nuko ari langage nziza kandi yihuta ngicyo icyo langage nziza iba asabwa
Igishushanyo gikurikira kerekana ama langage ya programation, zitondekanye uko « zikurikirana »
Murabona ko bishoboka ko wa programa muri binaire kubera kubikoresho byoroshye,
Ibyerekeranye na niveau bigendera kuri programation,mubisanzwe ushobora kuvuga ko c++uri kurwego ruto ugereranije na Python(nayo ni langage ya programation)ariko iri ku rwego rukomeye kurenza assembleur.byose bigendera kuko tubitondeka.
Ndacyeka twabyumvishe twese,C++ ntabwo ari langage izetazenguruka ,nayo ifite intege nke nkizindi langage,dushobora kuvuga zimwe murizo :mugomba kugira contrôle kuri mudasobwa yanyu no kuri mémoire yanyu ya mudasobwa,nicyo gikomeye mushobora kwica byoroshye programme yanyu muburyo bworoshye.ariko nti mugire ubwoba tuzabibona uko tuzagenda tubyiga muriri somo…..(isomo riracyakomeza...)
Iyo ma tushe y’inzira zabugufi n’amwe mu ma tushe(keys) usanga kuri karaviye(Keyboard) ushobora gukanda kugira ngo hagire igikoreka,Rimwe na rimwe usanga ari ugukanda itushe(key) imwe kuri karaviye(keyboard) nkibisanzwe ariko ububwo uzajya usanga ari ugukandira rimwe amatushe amwe n’amwe Urugero ushobora kundaka the WINKEY(windows key) ukongeraho cyangwa ukana kanda D kuri karaviye yawe kugirango uminimize ibyo wakoraga byose byari biri kugararira kuri ekara(screen) yawe!
Niryari wakenera gukoresha izo nzira zabugufi za windows?
Urugero rwiza ni nkigihe karaviye (keyboard) izaba wenda yapfuye.Ugakenera gukoresha amatushe amwe na mwe akiri mazima,ikindi kandi ziriya nzira zabugufi zoroshya ubuzima kandi zinihutisha bimwe mubikorwa.
Muzazabona ukuntu ukuntu u programmant amaprograme tuzakoresha nuko tuzajya tuzikoresha byibanze…..
Mwakunze Informatique kandi mwakunze na programation ?? Programation mushobora kuba mwumva ko ikomeye ariko siko bimeze !!!!turabibona
Mutangira mwibaza ese tuzaherahe ukibaza ese ko duhereye kuri C++ kuki tudahereye kuri C ariko ntimugire ubwoba turabyumva neza uko bikurikirana
Ugatangira wibaza ingufu za C++ cyangwa intege nke zayo
Muriri somo tuzarebera hamwe ibibazo kandi tubashe no kuba twabasubiza
“Ntimwibagirwe ko ubu ari isomo ryo gutangira “
Nta bumenyi bundi busabwa mbere yo gutangira nubwo mwaba mutarigeze mukora programation narimwe mubuzima bwanyu icyo tubasaba nugusoma iri somo neza mugakora pratique neza ubundi mukareba ukuntu bizagenda neza icyo mumfasha nukugendera hamwe twese.
PROGRAME
Ama programe niyo base ya Informatique kuko ariyo adufasha kuba twabasha gufungura ibintu kuri Mudasobwa zacu..
Dufate urugero nkuru :
Nkuko mubibona inyuma murabibonako dufite imiryango(fenetre)3 ihwanye na programe 3 zitandukanye
- Google Chrome, idufasha kuba twareba sites web zitandukanye.
- Na program idufasha kubika amadosiye yacu
- Microsoft Word, idufasha kwandika amadosiy
Ntimugirengo nibagiwe ibibazo byanyu wibaza uko bakora programme ariko ntimugire ikibazo hari ama langage programation zizadufasha kubwira mudasobwa ibyo dukeneye gukora
Noneho twareba icyo langage de programation aricyo
Les langages de programmation
Mudasobwa yawe ni etonnante kandi irakomeye kuko yemera ururimi rumwe gusa rworoshye rugizwe na 0 na 1.nkubu butumwa ikaba yakwerekana
1010010010100011010101001010111010100011010010Kugirango tworoshye ubuzima aba informaticien bakoze langage zoroshye kurenza binaire.Kugeza ubu hari amarangaje ya programation menshi ushobora kubona liste des langages de programmation sur Wikipédia kugirango zibe zadufasha
Langage de programation zose zifite intego imwe yo kugufasha kuba wavugana na mudasobwa yawe byoroshyekurusha binaire nigutya bikora
- Mwandika instructions kuri mudasobwa zanyu muri langage de programmation (urugero :C++
- Les instructions zigahindurwa muri binaire twifashishije programme yo guhindura
- Mudasobwa yawe rero ikaba yabasha kuba yasoma ibyo uyibwiye gukora
- Nibyo turi kubona ku gishushanyo gikurikira :
Porogaramu ihindura”binaire”
Tukabona porograme iri muri binaire iyo computer yawe ibasha gusoma 1010010010100011010101001010111010100011010010
Porogaramu yanyu yanditse muri langage yoroheje:
« Kora imibare 3+5 »
=
=
=5
Progarame idufasha guhindura ururimi rw’imashini yumva yitwa”Kompilateri(Compile).Ni igikoresho kidasanzwe, igufasha guhindira kode(code)zawe zanditse mu rurimi rwa programation muri program ushobora koba wa installa.
Dufate igishushanyo cyabanjije maze dukoreshe inyunguramagambo y’ikoranabuhanga.
Tukabona porograme iri muri binaire iyo computer yawe ibasha gusoma 1010010010100011010101001010111010100011010010
Porogaramu ihindura”binaire”
Porogaramu yanyu yanditse muri langage yoroheje:
« Kora imibare 3+5 »
=
=
=5
Ngibi ibyo mbasa gufata kuri ubungubu,ntabwa bikomeye cyane ariko nibintu biri ngobwa kubifata rwose!!!
Arikose nigute nshobora guhitamo langage de programation yo nshobora gukoresha?nawe wabyivugiye ko hariho nyinshi!!!
Niyihe nziza???? Ese C++ yaba ariyo mahitamo meza??
Amaporograme(bashobora kwita nanone developpeurs) muri rusange ziba zizi ama langage menshi de programation ntabwo ari imwe gusa.ubu tugiye kurasa kuntego imwe yo kwiga langage de programation imwe.
Ndumva byumvikanye ,tugomba gutangira kuri imwe murizo ebyiri.Igishya nuko tugomba gutangirira kuyo mushaka !!!Amategeko ya langage burigihe biba bias ntabwo muzarengwa na langage imwe kuyindi.
Noneho ubu dushobora kureba ibigize C++ ugereranije nizindi langage de programation…Ehee,n’isomo rya C++nti mubyibagirwe!!!
Le C++ face aux autres langages
Le C++ : langage de haut ou de bas niveau ?
Muri langage de programation zibaho, hari zimwe zamenyekanye cyane kandi zizwi nabantu benshi kurusha izindi.nta kubitekerezaho cyane C++ iri murizo zakunzwe cyane.ama site nka langpop.com yayishyize ku rutonde ra’wmw langage akunzwe kandi akoreshwa cyane ,nkuko mubibona c,Java na C++ bifata umwanya uri hejuru kurusha izindiIkibazo ese guhitamo langage bivugako ufata ikunzwe cyane cg ikoreshwa cyane ????hari langage zidakoreshwa kandi nziza ariko zikoreshwa gakeya gashoboka.Ibibazi bya langage zikoreshwa gahoro nuko biba bikomeye kugirango ubone abantu bagufasha cg ngo baguhe inama igihe mugize icyibazo muri programme yawe.niyo mpamvu rero C++ ari amahitamo meza kubashaka kuyitangira :Hari abantu bakoresha C++ kugirango batabona ko ari bonyine
Ndumva twabyumvishe,ariko hari ibindi bituma ikunzwe kandi ikoreshwa n’abantu benshi.igikomeye iyo ndebye n’amaso yange ni urwego rwa langage.hari langage ziri hasi haka nizindi ziri hejuru.
Niki langage iri hejuru ??
Ni langage igerageza kuba kure ya binaire(nyine urebeye uburyo mudasobwa ikora),igufasha gukora neza kandi byihuse
Kubitandukanye ,langage iri kurwego rwo hasi ahubwo yegereye uburyo mudasobwa ikora ikenera ibintu bikeya muri rusange ariko ikaguha controle kubyo ukora.
C++? Twavugako yajya ku mwanya wakabiri:ni langage wavugako iri “kurwego rutoya”ariko ibyo ntibibatere ubwoba !!kuko gu programa muri C++ bishobora kuba bikomeye,muzabona mubiganza byanyu langage nziza kandi yihuta,hagati aho nka’Imikino myinshi yakorewe muri C++,nuko ari langage nziza kandi yihuta ngicyo icyo langage nziza iba asabwa
Igishushanyo gikurikira kerekana ama langage ya programation, zitondekanye uko « zikurikirana »
Murabona ko bishoboka ko wa programa muri binaire kubera kubikoresho byoroshye,
Ibyerekeranye na niveau bigendera kuri programation,mubisanzwe ushobora kuvuga ko c++uri kurwego ruto ugereranije na Python(nayo ni langage ya programation)ariko iri ku rwego rukomeye kurenza assembleur.byose bigendera kuko tubitondeka.
Résumé des forces du C++
- Ninziza nkuko twabibonye,iri muri langage zikoreshwa cyane kuri iyi si.dushobora kubona documentation zihagije kuri internet kandi tukaba twabona ubufasha bworoshye kuri za forums.hari n’abantu beza bandika za tutos kubantangira.
- Irihuta kandi cyane rwose niyo langage iba ikenewe kugirango amaprograme akozwe abe afire kwihuta kwiza kandi akora neza.nkurugero nka Jeux video,cyangwa mubyuma bajya bakoresha Abasikikare mugihe cy’intambara.
- Ninziza kubera ushobora kuyijyana aho ushaka kuko nka code zayo ushobora kuzihinduramo programme wakoresha muri windows,Mac OSet Linux muburyo buri theorique nta kindi kibazo ntabindi bigoranye ukoresheje!
- Hari Amashakiro menshi ya C++ etc.
- Ni multi-paradigme (ehee!).iryo jambo rivuga ko ushobora gu programa uburyo bwinshi butandukanye muri C++.ariko muracyari gutangira kugirango mpite mbabwira tekinike za programation ariko imwe murizo niyo bita « Programmation Orientée Objet(POO)”ni tekinike idufasha kugabanya uko ama code ateye kandi ikabyoroshya ikanoroshya ama code amwe namwe yongeye gukoreshwa !
Ndacyeka twabyumvishe twese,C++ ntabwo ari langage izetazenguruka ,nayo ifite intege nke nkizindi langage,dushobora kuvuga zimwe murizo :mugomba kugira contrôle kuri mudasobwa yanyu no kuri mémoire yanyu ya mudasobwa,nicyo gikomeye mushobora kwica byoroshye programme yanyu muburyo bworoshye.ariko nti mugire ubwoba tuzabibona uko tuzagenda tubyiga muriri somo…..(isomo riracyakomeza...)
Nizihe nzira zabugufi ku ma tushe ya windows
Iyo ma tushe y’inzira zabugufi n’amwe mu ma tushe(keys) usanga kuri karaviye(Keyboard) ushobora gukanda kugira ngo hagire igikoreka,Rimwe na rimwe usanga ari ugukanda itushe(key) imwe kuri karaviye(keyboard) nkibisanzwe ariko ububwo uzajya usanga ari ugukandira rimwe amatushe amwe n’amwe Urugero ushobora kundaka the WINKEY(windows key) ukongeraho cyangwa ukana kanda D kuri karaviye yawe kugirango uminimize ibyo wakoraga byose byari biri kugararira kuri ekara(screen) yawe!
Niryari wakenera gukoresha izo nzira zabugufi za windows?
Urugero rwiza ni nkigihe karaviye (keyboard) izaba wenda yapfuye.Ugakenera gukoresha amatushe amwe na mwe akiri mazima,ikindi kandi ziriya nzira zabugufi zoroshya ubuzima kandi zinihutisha bimwe mubikorwa.
| Inzira za bugufi | Ibyo zikora |
| Alt + F | Gufungura ama option ya amafiyile muri porogarame iri gukoreshwa |
| Alt + E | .Guhindura ama option muri porogarame iri gukoreshwa |
| F1 | Ubufasha |
| Ctrl + A | Guselectionna byose |
| Ctrl + X | Gukata ibya selectionwe |
| Shift + Del | Gusiba ibya selectionwe |
| Ctrl + C | Gukopiya ibya selectionwe |
| Ctrl + Ins | Gukopiya ibya selectionwe |
| Ctrl + V | Komeka |
| Shift + Ins | Komeka |
| Home | Gusubira ahabanza |
| Ctrl + Home | Gusubira aho watangiriye |
| End | Kujya kumpera |
| Ctrl + End | Kujya aharangiza |
| Shift + Home | Kwerekana neza ahabanza |
| Shift + End | Kwerekana neza aharangiza |
| Ctrl + Left arrow | Gukura ijambo rimwe ibumoso |
| Ctrl + Right arrow | Gukura ijambo rimwe iburyo |
| Alt + Tab | Gufunga urigungura ibindi |
| Alt + Shift + Tab | Gufunga nyuma yo gufungura ibindi |
| Alt + Print Screen | Gufata agashisho ka ekara(screen yawe) |
| Ctrl + Alt + Del | .Bitanga Task manager |
| Ctrl + Esc | Bitanga Start menu |
| Alt + Esc | Gufunga hagati y’ibyo uri gukora |
| F2 | Kwita amazina |
| F3 | Gutangira gushaka kubiro(Desktop) |
| F4 | Gufungura ibyo washakaga |
| F5 | Refresh |
| Alt + F4 | Gufunga ibyo uri gukora |
| Ctrl + F4 | kuzimya |
| Ctrl + (the ‘+’ key on the keypad) | Uburyo bw’ihuse bwo guhindura indeshyo y’amakolone(colums) |
| Alt + Enter | Gufungura ibiranga ibyo wahisemo |
| Shift + F10 | Ku minimize mogato |
| Shift + Del | Gusiba burundu |
| Holding Shift | Gucanira mu buryo buguha system nyinshi |
| Holding Shift | When putting in an audio CD, will prevent CD Player from playing. |
| Windows + D | Ku miimiza ibiri kuri Desktop |
| Windows + M | Ku minimize byose |
| Windows + SHIFT + M | kugarura ibyo waminimije (minimize) |
| Windows + E | Gufungura Microsoft Explorer |
| Windows + Tab | Guhitamo ibyo ukeneye mubifunguye! |
| Windows + F | Ishakiro |
| Windows + CTRL + F | Kwerekana ishakiro |
| Windows + F1 | Kwerekana ubufasha |
| Windows + R | Gufungura run windows |
| Windows + Pause / Break key | Gufungura ibiranga system |
| Windows + L | Gufunga gato imashine |
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